Changes in Family Relationships between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Ce

Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries there were several factors which affected family relationships. The most influential of these factors are geography, economic conditions, and religion. While geography and economic conditions certainly played a role in the dynamics of family relationships, many believe that religion had the greatest impact on family relationships. Religion controlled almost every aspect of family relationships from marriages to divorce to the treatment of women and children. In medieval times up until the eighteen hundreds, marriage was based on a variety of factors. Among these factors were economic gain, and for upper class families and nobility, building alliances. While these were the factors that helped decide who married who, religion determined if the couple was eligible to be married as well as other aspects of the marriage. Prior to the 1215, there were a lot of gray areas when it came to marriage and divorce. While some believed that all marriage required was an exchange of vows between a man and a woman, others believed that the exchanged must be followed by consummation, while still others believed that there must be witnesses present for the marriage to be valid. At this time the nobility were using marriage as a strategy to gain land, power, and alliances by marrying, divorcing, and remarrying. These marriages were often destructive and led to wars. In order to avoid so many wars the church stepped in and put regulations on marriages and divorces. In 1215 the Fourth Lateran Council constructed the criteria that must be met in order for a marriage to be valid. This criteria included a dowry, published wedding announcements, and for the wedding to take place in a church. Around ... ...ffection for children. Parents thought of their children as individuals and thus gave each new born its own name. At this time parents also began giving their children more freedoms than before. Also during this time the church began to relax its control over individual families and allowed them more privacy. This simple shift in religious doctrine caused the development of a new way of thinking in which children were appreciated and seen as different from adults. Although there were many factors that impacted family relationships between the fifteen hundreds and eighteen hundreds, none were as influential as religion. Any small shift in the interpretation of religious doctrine could result in massive changes in family life. From the development and rise of Protestantism to the Puritan view of children, religion often caused revolutions in family relationships.

3d Printing 2013-2025: Technologies, Markets, Players Essay

This report provides a roadmap for 3D printing technology (www.marketresearchmoz.com/market-research/3d-printing-markets-ho ..) that will be invaluable to product managers of all kinds and its scope extends to all serious applications and end user sectors that have been proposed for 3D printing to date.This report pinpoints where the real opportunities will be found in the emerging 3D printing sector. Readers of the report will find an application-by-application assessment of the opportunities for 3D printing including comprehensive and granular ten-year forecasts of hardware, software and services. The report also contains detailed profiles of leading firms to watch in the 3D printing space with SmarTech’s assessment of their strategies and business models. The report also analyzes where there are gaps in the market that could be filled by start-ups and how established â€Å"rust belt† manufacturers are likely to react to the rise of 3D Printing. See more:  First Poem for You Essay The objective of this report is to provide essential input to senior executives making marketing, business development and investment decisions in the rapidly evolving 3D printing business: 3D printer and scanner firms will better understand which applications represent true opportunities and which are just hype. Furthermore, where this report identifies new sources of business revenue it also provides guidance on market evolution and timing CAD firms, software companies and service bureau will gain insight into where they can seek new addressable markets in the 3D printing space and how they should develop their business models over next decade Potential end users of 3D printing throughout industry will increase their knowledge of where 3D printing is expected to advance revolutionary change and where it is expected to be merely a useful tool. In addition, they will come to understand the capabilities of state-of-the-art 3D printing and how those capabilities will increase over the coming decade. Browse Complete Report With TOC@ http://www.marketresearchmoz.com/market-research/3d-printing-markets-hope-hype-174518 ### 3D Printing in Medical Applications Market (Medical Implants (Dental, Orthopedic, Cranio-maxillofacial), Surgical Guides, Surgical Instruments, Bio-engineered Products) – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2013 – 2019( http://www.marketresearchmoz.com/market-research/3d-printing-market-global-industry-172430) This report includes an estimation of the global market for applications of 3D printing in the healthcare segment in terms of value (USD million) for the period 2013-2019, considering 2012 as the base year. In addition, current market trends and recent developments are taken into consideration while determining the growth rate of the global 3D printing medical applications market. The overall 3D printing market for medical applications has been categorized on the basis of its applications, raw materials, and technology. The applications market has been focused only on the medical applications of 3D printing and further segmentation has been provided which includes implants, surgical guides, surgical instruments and bioengineered products. The 3D printing technology market includes those technologies which are used extensively in medical applications for manufacturing bio-models. These technologies comprises of laser beam melting, electron beam melting, photopolymerization and droplet deposition manufacturing. The raw materials market includes the market focused for use in medical applications. The raw materials market comprises of metals, alloys, polymers, ceramics and others. The market for all these segments and sub-segments is estimated for the period 2013 – 2019 in terms of value (USD million). The geographic landscape covers the major regions, namely North America, Europe, Asia and Rest of the World (RoW). Similarly market share analysis for the year 2012 has been provided in the competitive landscape chapter of the report. Some of the significant players in this market include 3D Systems, Stratasy s, and EnvisionTEC, Arcam AB, Materialise NV. These market players have been profiled on the basis of attributes such as company overview, recent developments, strategies adopted by the market leaders to ensure growth, sustainability, financial overview and recent

Art Concept Essay Online For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1193 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Art Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Journal entry for Readings This essay provides a very good understanding about Art and I found it very interesting. Art is basically a conceptual concept. In other words, it can be defined as a creation, which is created by the will of person. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Art Concept Essay Online For Free" essay for you Create order As per my study, different forms of art exist but the author has laid the emphasis on graphic art. In this type of art, the design is created on a material like Plexiglas or rubber so as to move the designs onto another medium like wood, paper, cloth, metals, and plastics etc. In the present scenario, Japanese manga are inspiring the comic artists of the west, fashion designers, modern artists and millions of ordinary readers. The appearance of the wide-eyed figures of manga are found over t-shirts, video games, CD covers and even in the museums of art (Manga and Japanese Contemporary Art, 2005). I found the article very informative as it depicts the collection of the most appealing artists from modern manga and also tells me about the different variety of manga styles. It also contains the prints of woodblock by Hokusai. The exhibition of graphic art and its program of events depict the fan culture, which is closely linked with manga. The examples include cosplay or dres sing similar to the manga characters. This program of events permits the visitors to attempt their hand at manga, listen to lectures on modern Japanese culture and also provides an experience of singing karaoke. In this article, the author has depicted cute and funny figures along with the strange and aggressive figures similar to those of manga (Manga and Japanese Contemporary Art, 2005). Journal entry for controversies In my point of view, art is created by the mind. It is the blend of ideas and concepts. In my point of view, art should be such, which doesnt hamper any religion, values or beliefs i.e. art should form the basis of inspiration for the viewers by containing effective messages in it. But if the art is developed for a particular reason, it might lead into big controversies (Cox, 2006). A controversial event took place in the Dallas Museum of Art. Here, Sydney McGee who was a teacher (female) took a group of children aged 9 to 10, in Frisco from Fisher Elementary School to the Art museum of Dallas. It was found that the father of a child has filed a complaint that his child has been exposed to art which was absolutely unauthorized as he was shown an abstract nude. As a result, this brought controversy upon the school. Therefore, art should be created so that it is appreciated by its viewers and creates a good impact on them (Cox, 2006). Another controversial issue was that H itler could not become part of the art school because it was painted in a traditional style and hence, was not able to fulfil the criteria of the art school. Art school requires a contemporary way of painting, which is less realistic. Hitler, during his regime, barred new artists, who were selling artwork and was in favour of the traditional artists. Art varies from place to place and as a result to this, the frequency of controversy increases. Journal entry for movies I found certain movies like Girl with a Pearl Earring and The Agony and the Ecstasy very artistic. Both of these movies have depicted art in their content but in different ways. In the movie Girl with a Pearl Earring, an artistic temperament is depicted by girl. The movie reveals an artistic passion. The photography in the film is very sensuous, showing the golden age of Dutch culture. The pictures in the photography contain fantastic colour and scale, crowded with plentiful costumes and magnificent architecture. This photographic art keeps the eyes engaged. In 1930s, the art scene in America was greatly dominated by the practicality and regionalism. The film on Jackson Pollock by Ed Harris presents a powerful picture of Jackson Pollock. The film has performed in an outstanding manner by evoking the true feeling of the time duration with the help of the costumes and scenery. The film depicts the darker side of Pollocks life as he struggled with demons. This movie became t he centre of attention for those American people who liked the modern art. Art in Exile On the other hand, the film Agony and ecstasy shows huge interesting reflection of art. It is characterized as the superior period piece, which became an epic. I really appreciate this movie as it pictured Charles Heston as the grand artist. I really found it fairly attractive, the way they have displayed the stressed relationship. The movie depicts the true sense of the art and love. This movie clearly describes how art can move the soul of the person. I admire the extent of time spent by chuck in learning how to paint (Reed, 1965). Journal entry for the relevance with the Puerto Rico: In the late 20th century Graffiti has turned into a well-known force in urban settings. The extent of attitudes towards graffiti has shown a broad and contentious concept. Most of the writers regard the graffiti as a social term, which was introduced for culture around 70s. Therefore, I would use graffiti as writing. The tradition of folk art for carving the santos i.e. using saints of wood for house hold devotion forms the par of Puerto Rican culture. The santos from the past served as the prime object of devotion, but at present they form the part of artistic merit, which is because of the link with the ancient culture of Puerto Rico. Both the old and new santos of Puerto Rican function continuously in a devotional framework for a few number of their owners and santeros. For the carvers of Puerto Rico, carving a santos forms a religious experience (Dennant, 1997). Graffiti showed inter connected factors to the world of hip-hop, sometime also studied as a part of its own entity. Graffiti depicts an artistic aspect of confrontation towards the authority and simultaneously reflects expression towards subculture. I have found that in the early time of Christianity, saints were given honour as role models, courageous heroes and guardians. In the present time the carving of the santeros remind me of the fundamental task played by these holy pictures in the everyday lives of supporters. From the point of dedication towards the signs of Puerto Rican traditions and art, the modern santos from Puerto Rico fit into the highly prosperous tradition, which goes forward to progress in response to the changes in the political, social and religious context. References Manga and Japanese Contemporary Art. (2005). Retrieved August 23, 2008 from https://www.taidemuseo.hel.fi/english/tennispalatsi/programme/manga.html The Santos Tradition. (2004). University of Florida. Retrieved August 23, 2008 from https://www.harn.ufl.edu/santos/introduction.php Carol Reed (1965). The Agony The Ecstasy. [ONLINE] Available at: https://charltonhestonworld2.homestead.com/AgonyEcstasyPg1.html. [Last Accessed 23 August 2008]. Ian Cox (2006). Teacher Sacked Over Nude. [ONLINE] Available at: https://coxsoft.blogspot.co.uk/2006/10/teacher-sacked-over-nude.html. [Last Accessed 23 August 2008]. Pamela Dennant (1997). The Emergence of Graffiti in New York City. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.hiphop-network.com/articles/graffitiarticles/emergenceofnycitygraffiti.asp. [Last Accessed 23 August 2008].

The Debate of Human Cloning Essay - 4507 Words

Missing Appendix The Debate of Human Cloning Human cloning has become a hot topic for debate. As we progressed one step closer to successfully cloning and developing a human being, legislators and the general public have become more concerned about the ethical and moral implications of this procedure. The federal government has been unsuccessful in reaching an agreement as to what policy to pass and enact. Thus, any current legislation on human cloning has been developed and enforced by individual states. The state of California is one of the few states in the United States that has a policy on human cloning. Human cloning is banned in the state of California. Because current policy does not allow for any human cloning to take†¦show more content†¦A clone is genetically identical to the person or animal who provided the somatic cell that provided the DNA. Much of the new laws being drafted to prevent human cloning have yet to be enacted or reviewed by Congress. There has been much debate between the Democrats and Republicans on this issue. Problems with ethical concerns over human cloning play a very large role in hindering the adoption of various legislation. Anti-abortion organizations have entered the debate by voicing their opinions about human cloning and research. They claim that by allowing research to take place on human embryos, Congress would be giving approval for the destruction of life(Appendix A.4). Would we, in fact, be devaluing life by creating, experimenting and killing human embryos for the purpose of research?(Appendix A.5) There has also been concern over the rights of a human clone. Issues have been raised about the individuality, autonomy, objectification, and kinship of the resulting children (Appendix A.6). Because the clone would be identical genetically and phenotypically to a person who currently exists or did exist in the past, he or she may be expected to follow in the footsteps of the DNA donor. This would take away any individuality and autonomy that would normally be experienced by an individual conceived sexually. Objectification becomesShow MoreRelatedIs Cloning Be A Debate Of Morals And Human Privileges?1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is unethical since it steps back from human identity. In addition, it brings emotional mental damage for the cloned kid and absolutely discards the basic biological gene selection. For the most part, not a single person can manage to ignore the procedure that is made in science today. Whereas scientific research, for instance grants us information and the procedure of being able to clone human beings, which is something nobody ever assumed could be possible. After watching the movieRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein myth is the idea that humans have the technology and wisdom to create or duplicate life. This idea, cloning, is neither new, nor mysterious it is simply the b iological process of producing replicas of organisms through other means than sexual reproduction. In the United States, consumption of meat and other products derived from cloning was approved in December of 2006, with no special labeling required. However, although there are two types of human cloning typically discussed: therapeuticRead MoreCloning : A Debate Of Morals And Human Rights862 Words   |  4 Pagesadvances that survives today, the dispute of cloning is ever existent as a debate of morals and human rights. People are asking if we have the right to clone humans and other animals. Cloning, the process of taking a cell from one organism, taking a donor womb cell from another organism of the same species, inserting the original cell in the donor cell, and placing the newly developed embryo inside a surrogate mother. This is an inhumane desecration of human rights and an obscene act against the naturalRead MoreThe Debate Over Human Cloning Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pages Human cloning, an unknown wonder to the universe the world has yet to unfold. The idea of cloning can be a dream to some and others not so much, there’s just endless possibilities when it comes to cloning. With the thought of cloning humans comes reality and other things that can cause issues or keep the experiment stagnant. â€Å"Reality† includes the process of cloning humans, types of cloning, products of cloning, cost, and also ethical issues. Besides the issues and reality part of cloning, thisRead MoreThe Debate of Human Cloning Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesjourney that human cloning has taken has been one of dramatic highs and lows, heated arguments and confusion about the path ahead. When researchers witnessed the birth of the first cloned mammal, they were ecstatic, but this high ended with the tragic early death of this sheep, Dolly, due to abnormalities (Jaenisch 2004: 2787). The initial success and progress in this field fueled scientists to want to do further research into this technology, which would eventually leading to work with human embryosRead MoreEssay on Debate on the Legality of Human Cloning459 Words   |  2 PagesDebate on the Legality of Human Cloning Today, the topic of cloning creates more argument than it has ever created before. The argument over cloning is based upon the fact that there are extreme opposing viewpoints on the subject. One of the major arguments offered against human cloning is that it will undermine human individuality. However, despite the popular opposition to human cloning, it is likely to remain an issue. Cloning is reproduction involving only oneRead MoreThe Controversial Debate Of Human Cloning4152 Words   |  17 PagesHuman cloning has been a very controversial topic for many years now. The term human cloning includes numerous methods that are used to produce genetically identical copies of humans. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a human clone (National Human Genome Research Institute). Lost in the midst of all the fuss about cloning is the fact that cloning is nothing new: it’s rich scientific history spans more than 100 years (Genetic Science LearningRead MoreEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of cloning a human being comes dangerously close to human beings acting as God. Do human beings have the right to tamper with nature in this way? This essay explores the various ethical issues related to the cloning debate, and seeks answers to this deep philosophical question at the heart of bioethics. As a student of genetic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rapid pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, itRead More Embryonic Wars Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesto clarify and summarise the controversial debate concerning the ethical decency of embryonic cloning for therapeutic purposes. This is the form of cloning that is supposedly beneficial to a barrage of medical applications. We will identify the key opposing ethical perspectives such as those of the justification of embryonic research based on the normative theory of consequentialism. This paper will also probe into the relatively brief history of the debate while gauging the particular stumbling blocksRead MorePros and Cons of Cloning Humans906 Words   |  4 Pagespossibility of cloning a human. Although the scientists from the Roslin Institute who had made the significant breakthrough with Dolly denied the possib ility of creating human clones, the idea was still wide debated about the risks and benefits of human cloning. So, what is cloning? Cloning is a process of generating a new organism by an identical genetic copy of the original donor. The DNA of the two organisms will be identical (LaurenÈ›iu, 2012).With the development stage of science, human has been already

Lack of Women Rights in Susan Glaspell´s Trifles - 682 Words

â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.† (United States Congress, The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription). As you can see there is no mention of women in the declaration. Throughout history there have always been gender stereotypes and roles between men and women. People have always viewed men as the more dominant gender that have the most power and make the most money. It took a while for woman’s equalities to happened and really kick in. The one act play/story â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, illustrates the lack of woman rights in the early 1900’s and the enslavement of women by their male partners. Glaspell tells the story of a murder mystery involving a woman named Minnie Foster Wright who is being accused of murdering her husband, John Wright. Through the use of con flict, setting and symbolism, Glaspell reveals the inequalities of woman in the early 1900’s. First, Glaspell uses conflict to show the inequalities of women in the 1900’s. One conflict in the story is between the groups of investigators (The Sheriff, Hale and The County Attorney) who were there to gather clues of the murder and the woman who came to with them (Sheriffs Wife and Mrs.Hale). The men entered the house and â€Å"go at once to the stove† (8) and leave the girls standing at the entrance close together.Show MoreRelatedWomen In Susan Glaspells Trifles931 Words   |  4 PagesSusan Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† attempts to answer a single question for the public. Why do women, a stereotypically quiet and submissive group, turn to murder? The male dominated society of the 1900’s found answers by simply branding them as insane; men were never to blame because only a crazy women would turn on a man. However, Glaspell empowers the women of her play in their submissive roles by utilizing the oppression by men to point out the holes in the male-dominated legal system. Linda Ben-ZviRead MoreFeminism : Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality1529 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism is a term defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. This theory is centered on women living in patriarchal society. During the 1900s life for women differed greatly from the lives of men. Patriarch communities were very prevalent during this time. As a result Susan Glaspell dedicated many, if not all of her works as dramas describing the restricting view of women living in the early twentieth century. Feminism shows howRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles 1732 Words   |  7 PagesSusan Glaspell (1876-1948) was an American-born Pulitzer Prize winning writer of both plays and fiction. Glaspell came from humble beginnings and went on to study at Drake U niversity and the University of Chicago. Much of Glaspell s work dealt with the relationships between men and women and the negative effects they have on women. In Glaspell s play Trifles, it is revealed that the operations of patriarchy are just an illusion that men have created to make themselves feel superior to womenRead MoreEssay on Trifling Justice1540 Words   |  7 PagesMove a little closer together Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles, was written in 1916, reflects the author’s concern with stereotypical concepts of gender and sex roles of that time period. As the title of the play implies, the concerns of women are often considered to be nothing more than unimportant issues that have little or no value to the true work of society, which is being performed by men. The men who are in charge of investigating the crime are unable to solve the mystery through their supposedRead MoreTrifles, By Susan Glaspell Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesOne striking characteristic of the 20th century was the women s movement, which brought women to the forefront in a variety of societal arenas. As women won the right to vote, achieved reproductive freedom through birth control and legalized abortion, and gained access to education and employment, Western culture began to examine its long-held views about women in a world controlled by male dominance while developing their individual per sonalities. However, before the women’s movement of the 20thRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Trifles778 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Trifles† a play by Susan Glaspell, emphasizes the thought that women were kept in their homes and their contributions to the home and family went unappreciated and unnoticed. The play gives readers a view of how women were view and treated during the 1900’s. As a female analyzing the play, Mrs. Wright’s motive for killing Mr. Wright was quite clear. Susan Glaspell gives her readers a feminist approach, to demonstrate how Mrs. Wright’s murdering of her husband is justified. If I were to ask youRead MoreTrifles: Woman and Mr. Peters1480 Words   |  6 PagesSince the 1900’s, women have struggled with gender roles in society that leaned more in favor of men. Susan Glaspell’s play, Trifles, reflects on this struggle by blatantly separating the ideas, opinions and actions of the men and women in the play. As the title Trifles suggests, the men in the play view the two women’s concerns as unimportant and frivolous in comparison to the â€Å"real† work the men have to do. Glaspell’s characterization of the sheriff, Henry Peters, the attorney, George HendersonRead More Susan Glaspells Trifles and A Jury of Her Peers Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pages In the early 1900s Susan Glaspell wrote many works, two stand out, the play Trifles and the short story A Jury of Her Peers. Trifles was written in 1920, while A Jury of Her Peers was written the following year. Trifles was written in only ten days. The true greatness of the se works were not recognized until the 1970s. In the short story A Jury of Her Peers a woman named Minnie Wright is accused of the murder of her husband. Minnie Wright is a farmers wife and is also isolatedRead More The Strength of Women in Trifles Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1900’s women were viewed as nothing more than house wives. They were expected to cook, clean, and take care of their children and husbands. The lack of respect women received during this time is extremely evident in â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell. In this play women are depicted as incapable, and these ladies are very much aware of this. Mrs. Peters, the sheriff’s wife practically says throughout the play we cannot do this we are women, and she seems quite content with that; whereas Mrs.Read MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell, And A P Essay2143 Words   |  9 Pagesto the 18th century, women expectations were entirely different from the expectations in the current 21st century. Females were expected to w ork typically in their homes only; those who did the opposite were looked down by the society. The sole purpose of women was to be a maker of the home and bear kids while the man was expected to work outside the house. This type of mentality is evidenced in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, and â€Å"AP† by John Updike;

Daylight Savings Time free essay sample

Daylight-saving time (DST) has been a controversial issue ever since it has first been observed. I believe DST is a useful and effective idea, and I would recommend continued use of it. In fact, I believe it should be observed year-round, which means America’s standard time would be moved back one hour. Many people make arguments that DST saves energy, and there are studies to support it. (Sources B C) But an equal amount of people make the argument that it doesn’t save energy at all, and that, contrary to popular belief, it increases energy consumption. There are studies to support this also. (Source F) So there seems to be no clear verdict regarding energy consumption and DST’s relation. So how do we determine whether or not we should continue to implement DST or get rid of it? Well the answer lies in this question: What’s worth more; saving energy, or saving lives? In Source D, the evidence of the life-saving repercussions DST generates are undeniable. We will write a custom essay sample on Daylight Savings Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What was put into effect to save energy, ultimately, saved lives. Quite a pleasant side-effect, wouldn’t you agree? For me, this study alone is enough of a reason to continue using DST. On average, approximately 100 more fatal car crashes occurred during the same hour after shifting back to standard time. Also, this study was done between 1987 and 1991, when DST was roughly 7 months. (Source A) Since then, the amount of people who own vehicles has greatly increased due to vast growth and development, especially among urban areas. Imagine how many more crashes could be prevented if we applied DST to the other 5 months of the year. This may be far-fetched, but regardless of whether or not that ever happens, DST should be continually observed due to these statistics alone. DST also has other life-saving implications. The DOT study mentioned in Source C â€Å"found that violent crime in Washington, D. C. , was reduced by 10 to 13 percent during periods of daylight saving time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This means that, during DST, people are generally safer from violent crime. This also is an important reason to continue the use of DST. The security of the American people should be one of the government’s utmost concerns, which includes domestic security, not just foreign security. I’m aware that the author of Source E claims that DST has ramifications relating to sleep. While these symptoms may occur, they do not last. Not only are these symptoms not permanent, they also don’t anifest in everyone. Additionally, after, at the most, three weeks, our bodies re-adjust to the new sleep cycle and our circadian rhythms are back in sync. A few weeks of minor sleep issues pale in comparison to the benefits DST has regarding the overall safety of the general public. The bottom line is that DST sav es lives. You cannot put a price on a human life; so in regard to DST, I believe that the decision to continue to observe it is quite a simple decision. A life is worth more than any amount of money DST may or may not save, and DST clearly saves lives. Therefore, it’s obvious that we should continue to use DST.

New media technologies, ICTs, convergence and digitisation

Introduction The modern economic development is largely dependent on the investments in new media technologies. New media technologies, ICTs, convergence, and digitisation are seen as the new engines of economic growth for many countries from the perspectives of labour transactions and trade.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New media technologies, ICTs, convergence and digitisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The digitisation together with technological convergence era have marked a new era for economic development through alteration of the traditional approaches to organisational governance, production systems, forms of labour organisation, and alterations of means of surveillance coupled with business counter surveillance strategies. One of the peculiar advantages of new media and digitisation convergence akin to boosting economic development of many nations is attributed to the capacity of new digital com munication developments. The argument is the capacity to make it possible for media organisations and or individuals to deliver various audio, text, and even video materials over the same wired, fibre optic, and or wireless connections to a myriad of destinations within seconds or fractions of seconds. This way, the technological developments of the twentieth century have made it possible for multiple products to be merged together to one product that carries the advantages possessed by all other products. However, as argued in the a paper, although these changes have been instrumental in the propagation of many countries’ economies in terms of effectiveness and efficacy in the management of organisational communications systems, there are still dominant challenges that are associated with any form of convergence. Such challenges include increased risks to which an organisation can be susceptible to among them being cyber security threats. With this challenge and many others notwithstanding, the main focus of the paper is to discuss and analyse why new media technologies, ICTs, convergence, and digitisation are seen as the new engines of economic growth for many countries coupled with offering an explanation of how countries have responded to the challenges. New media technologies, ICT, digitisation and convergence as engines of economic growth ICT encompasses a myriad of services coupled with networks, which facilitate the accumulation without negating the flow of both private and public crucial information. With regard to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (2004), ICT involves â€Å"internet service provisions, telecommunications, and information technology equipment and services, media and broadcasting, libraries and documentation centres, commercial information providers, network- based information services and other related information and communication activities† (p.11).Advertising Looking for essay on business communic ation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scrutiny of this definition for ICT reveals that it is quite similar to the definition offered for information technology (IT). Chowdhury (2000) also notes this similarity but further makes a distinction that ICT comprises technologies, which capacitate the process transfer of a myriad of information such as data, audio, and textual. Akwani (2005) notes the importance of ICT in the economic development using case example of Nigeria by claiming, â€Å"The fastest growing employer of labour in Nigeria is the telecommunications industry† (p.45). Growth of the telecommunication industry underlines the growth of other sectors of economy by virtue of the fact that telecommunication is an enhancing tool for ardent inter and intra- organisational communications and information sharing. Researches on how investments in ICT and new media technologies can boost economic development have been advan cing over the last two decades (Awoleye 2012). In 1950s, Lau Tokutsu (1992) argues that the economic development recorded in the US is widely instigated by technological changes as opposed to factors such as capital and labour. Guided by this perception, several studies have also been advanced in the developing world to determine the implication of technological changes on economic growth. Such studies present contradictory findings since, while some people find positive correlations between investments in ICT and economic growths, some others record a negative correlation between the two. For instance, Berndelt et al. (1998) conducted a research on the implication of ICT capital investments on the productivity growth of selected industries of the US. He found that a negative relationship existed between the two. These findings were reproduction of similar findings by Parsons et al. (1990) who argued that, in the Canadian context, â€Å"banks did not yield good benefits from their ICT capital investments† (p.23). From the US context, Morrison (1997) reported that ICT investments had minimal implication on economic growth of the US-based organisations. However, Chowdhury (2000) contested these findings by claiming, â€Å"Many sceptics have not seen the roles of ICTs in the efforts intended to alleviate poverty and bring food security to developing countries† (p.425). Nevertheless, the author acknowledged that the challenges of alleviating poverty are incredibly complex. However, he insisted that, for this to happen, nations must invest in efficient production systems. Investments in the ICT infrastructures are one of the noble strides to put up such systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on New media technologies, ICTs, convergence and digitisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the negative relationship between economic growth and investments in ICT findings, many co untries have not brought to a halt their efforts to invest in the ICT capital. The justification for this endeavour is pegged on the positive findings in the relationship between ICT and new media communications with economic development. For instance, Lau Tokutsu (1992) investigated roles of investments in ICT in the economic growth of the US between 1960 and 1990. Among the contributors of the growth listed by the scholars, â€Å"nearly half of the growth aggregate national output in the US was attributed to ICT investments than the non-ICT or labour† (Awoleye 2012, p.25). Schreyer (2000) who sought to study the effects of investments in ICT on productivity of G7 nation’s labour echoed similar findings. By employing samples from nations such as Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, and Canada, he found out that the tremendous growth in the labour productivity of the nations registered between 1990 and1996 was attributable by large proportion t o the investments in the ICT infrastructures. On a more general scale, Poh (2001) sought to know how investments in the ICT influenced Singapore’s productivity in overall. His findings indicated that investment in the ICT capital produced substantive rates of economic returns in the end. Kim (2003) sought to confirm the validity of these findings though he based his research on the Korean context. According to Kim, â€Å"ICT capital contributed 16.3% to the output growth of Korean economy and has had strong positive effects on the growth of labour productivity in the long-run† (2003, p.57). Although the findings are based on research conducted a decade ago, they are significant in the discussion of the current impacts of digitalisation era on economic growth of nations. In fact, the advents of social media have created an immense opportunity for organisations to reach large numbers of potential consumers who would otherwise be impossible to reach using the conventional forms of media. Surprisingly, the operational platforms for these new media forms are principally rested on ICT and information technology developments.Advertising Looking for essay on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many nations, both in the developed and the developing world, have been implementing policies emanating from such research findings discussed above with the noble aim of ensuring that their countries keep at pace with new technological developments in the effort to raise their GDP. Availability of digital-enhanced connectivity is an essential factor that investors consider in the making of decisions to make investments in any country especially the developing nations. Broadband technology being one of the means of interconnecting digital computers across the globe is a major engine that drives economic growth of many nations especially in the era of offshore business, technical support, and manufacturing outsourcing. Awoleye (2012) contends with this argument by further maintaining that developing nations, which have better ICT infrastructure, are better placed to secure outsourcing, foreign investments, and or off shoring business (p.28). In this sense, internet connectivity is a m ajor enhancing factor for fostering globalisation. With regard to Paltridge (2008), internet interconnectivity enhanced through broadband is â€Å"beginning to have a fundamental impact on how economies work and on the global allocation of resources especially in the developing countries due to their greater integration in the global value chains than ever before† (p.13). In the same extent, governments in many nations have hiked their investments in the internet and web-based service delivery in the public sector through an endeavour termed as the e-governance. The goal of investments in the e-governance is aimed at ensuring cost effective, efficient, and reliable service delivery in the public sector with noble objective of increasing attractiveness of e-business environments for both local and foreign investors. E-governance fits within the theory on ICT systems, convergence, and new media technology theory on economic development since it is a tool for boosting economic d evelopment through the provision of integrated data centre, shared operation networks, and business processes coupled with one stop service delivery centres to all public consumers. Another important facet for economic growth tied within the paradigms of the rapid development in the information communication systems developments recorded within the last two decades is the E-commerce. E- Commerce has boosted economic growth of many nations by enabling them to achieve higher levels of development through the creation of a fertile investment climate, which is an incredible catalyst for economic growth. From national levels, studies, for instance, of Indjikian and Siegel (2005) show that e-commerce can create diverse and valid revenue streams to the governments through the development of new markets and products to trade in the markets. Meeting new challenges for propelling economic growth requires channels for information sharing. This argument infers that organisations whose growth is influenced by the developments in ICT and new media communications systems deserve to be largely knowledge based. The implication is that they need to be constantly innovative and creative to meet the dynamics of the markets characterised by the influx of products and services that are availed for sale in a competitive mode on a daily basis. E-Commerce as tool for economic development is immensely effective in this end since, through it, â€Å"new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the work places are opened with an enhanced flexibility and adaptability† (Indjikian Siegel 2005, p. 682). The contribution of e-commerce in the economic development of nations is not restricted to specific industries. Rather, all industries ranging from production to service delivery benefit. For instance, the US recorded improvements in 2005 in productivity in healthcare to the tunes of $6.9 billion from hefty investments in the communication convergence accruing from so lutions of mobile broadband. Similar success has been registered elsewhere in the developing nations including India and Nigeria. While the technological developments and convergence are significant in enhancing economic growth as discussed above, the endeavour not only presents technical issues and difficulties but also has the capacity to generate developmental issues. For instance, Olauwuyi and Mgbole (2012) assert that technological convergence â€Å"has a different meaning according to aims, interests, and roles of different stakeholders such as government, policy makers, regulators, civil society, private sector, and customer† (p.4). Nevertheless, an opportunity for propagation of economic growth is also presented by technological convergence in enhancing understanding coupled with the creation of awareness among various stakeholders through sufficient communication avenues, enhancement of multi-stakeholder interactivity at global fronts, and collective participation. C ontinuous economic growth in any competitive market needs the creation of a means of reduction of costs. This barrier may exist while attempting to penetrate markets and or to create of avenues for responding quickly to new business opportunities. These elements stand out as some of the merits that are availed by technological convergence in its impact on economic growth. Olauwuyi and Mgbole (2012) support this line of view by further arguing, â€Å"in addition to the evolution of infrastructure, privatisation, liberalisation, and competition in telecommunications evolved in response to trends in globalisation† (p.5). In this extent, it is arguable that the interplay between telecommunication and economic development is evident since it acts a tool for expansion of available markets to an organisation by permitting the organisation in question to trade in the global sphere with optimal cost checks. How Countries have Responded to the Underlying Challenges It is vital to note that, despite the merits that technology has brought in terms of boosting economy, various challenges have been evident ranging from insecurity, hiked competition and costs, and addiction in the adoption of the technology-driven businesses. Various countries in the world have been faced with the problem of ICT, media convergence, media technologies, and digitalisation. These factors have become the engine through which the economic wheel of the world revolves. They have made it very difficult for any country in the world to do without ICTs in its economy. Various economies have therefore put in place mechanisms to counter the effect of digital revolution. This section of the paper discusses the responses that various countries have put in place in responding to media technologies, ICTs, convergence, and digitalisation challenges. The first response that is visible in most countries is the evolution of e-commerce as argued out before. Many countries of the world have realised that tr ade in the current world of globalisation cannot escape the impact of information technology. The adoption of information communication technology by most nations of the world today has made the world of economics a small business village. Communication technologies have reduced the geographical boundaries between trading partners hence reducing transport cost. Besides, it has increased the quality and quantity of information flow. For example, in China, one can order for goods online, pay for them online, and wait for delivery within no time. This strategy has been made possible by the use of e-commerce. According to Bonsu (2008, p.356), e-commerce has empowered customers in the world of business. Customers have become more informed especially in making choices. In China, the roles played by buyers and sellers before the inception of e-commerce have drastically been altered. The period of passive buyers and very active sellers was eliminated in the Chinese economy through informati on communication technology. According to Gronroos (1994, p.9), the e-commerce strategy has made the consumer an active player in the whole business transaction. Customers can choose from a variety of goods and services advertised online. Besides, they can trade with the business partner that they think is the best according to the information posted on their website. All these provisions have been made possible by various governments to their citizenry. E-commerce has also promoted trade between far nations. For example, trade between Russia and China is more conducted online. Gronroos (1994, p.9) also affirms that e-commerce has also made many economies turn from 12 hours to 24 hours economies. Such is the economy of China. Through e-commerce, customers can carry out business transactions at any time of the day or night through the internet (Gronroos 1994, p.9). It is from such economic revolutions that the economy of China has become very powerful. The second response to ICT, con vergence, and media technologies by governments of the world is through e-governance as hinted above. With the exploration of information technology in the world, many nations have adopted e-governance. E-governance enables the citizens and foreigners to access government services online (Palvia Sharma 2007). Such services include filing of tax returns with the government, clearing of cargos on seaports, accessing various government documents and certifications. E-governance has enabled the economy of the United States of America to grow. All these outcomes have been made possible through technological convergence that delivers services closer to the customers (Gronroos 1994, p.10). In the United States of America, traders can carry out government certification processes online and or continue with the other business transactions within the confines of their houses. The possibility is attributed to technological advancement. Businesspersons can register companies with the registrar of companies in the United States without having to travel to his or her office. After registration, the businessperson will then proceed to open and operate the business. All legal requirements and regulations for such a business can be done online through the internet (Constaninides 2004, p.111). The other response by nations on the evolution of ICT, convergence, and media technologies is the adoption of e-democracy. Governments of the world have put in place mechanisms to ensure that people get their will to rule through information communication technologies. Services that the people require from the government are currently available for the people. The people of various occupations can now access information about their leaders through various information communication technology platforms. For example, people get information about the leaders they elected through the internet, television, and radio. According to Aghion (1997), it is from these media platforms, people can eva luate the performance of their leaders. For example, in the United States of America, the parliamentary debates from both the upper and lower house are televised live on the national media. This strategy has been adopted by many other nations of the world. From such broadcasting, the citizenry can evaluate the performance of their leaders in congress and or when they carry out other duties. According to Foss (2001), the media has been so active in monitoring the behaviour and conduct of leaders in various nations. This case has brought the power of the people to the people. When the population gets information about immorality or underperformance of their leaders, they can go on and recall the leaders from either senate or house of representative. One can therefore argue that information communication technology has brought the power of the people to the people. Aghion (1997) also affirms that people are also exchanging information through the social networks about how their nations are being governed. Foss (2001) affirms that various government corporations and public facilities have established websites that they post information necessary for the citizens. The citizens can also access every bit of information they want from such websites hence acting as a great response to information communication exploration in the world today. The United States has the federal communication commission that checks on the flow of information in the United States. According to Holmstro (1998), these communication commissions act as the watchdogs for the government on the happenings on the ICT and media. The communication commissions will act when there is a hate speech on the internet especially on the social networks for example Facebook. It will also follow up the allocation and utilisation of broadcasting frequencies to television stations and radios. This close monitoring also ensures that children are not exploited in such media. For example, it ensures that there are reduced pornographic overtones on the internet that are accessible by children (Holmstro 1998). This attention controls the morality of the nation. The commissions are also charged with the responsibility of monitoring what televisions broadcast especially in advertising. Any content that is harmful to the children is then filtered hence maintain the good title of the particular company in terms of all economic parameters. 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Schreyer, P 2000, The Contribution of Information and Communication Technology to Output Growth: A Study of the G7 Countries, STI Working Paper 2000/2, Paris, OECD. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 2004, Indicators of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT): The Impact of Information and Communications Technology at the country level, SCAN ICT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. This essay on New media technologies, ICTs, convergence and digitisation was written and submitted by user Kimberly Whitley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.